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SPICE Simulation Fundamentals

Circuit simulation is an important part of any design process. By simulating your circuits, you can detect errors early in the process, and avoid costly and time-consuming prototype reworking. You can also easily swap components to evaluate designs with varying bills of materials (BOMs).

by National Instruments


Prototron: America’s Quick Turn Board Shop

“Look it’s very simple, we focus on what we do best and then we do it best. That’s what I wanted to do when I started this company over twenty years ago,” said Dave Ryder, president and founder of Prototron Circuits in Redmond, Wash., and Tucson Ariz.

by Dan Beaulieu


Web-Exclusive: Why Invest During a Recession?

During this recession, electronics companies are faced with difficult decisions. The money being spent on electronics is far less than a few years ago. This applies to most industries; consumer, telecom, networking, medical, industrial, the list goes on. What this means is that the competition for the dollars that are being spent is tougher, so electronics companies have choices on how they run their business and product development activities.

by Henry Potts


Parts Collaboration Within The SunstoneECOsystem: PCB123, LiveBOM, Digi-Key, and NXP


The EMS Industry: A Consolidation Story

by Raymond Carpenter


Sustainability Summit Q&A With iNEMI


CPCA Market Commentary

by Guan Jianhua
Wang Longji


Clyde Has Done It Again: Review of Printed Circuits Handbook, Sixth Edition

by Karl Dietz


Screen Printing Process for High Density Flexible Electronics Must be a registered user to see this item

by Hisayuki Kawasaki
Masafumi Nakayama
Dominique Numakura
Robert Turunen


Via Reliability--A Holistic Process Approach Must be a registered user to see this item



by Timothy A. Estes
Ronald J. Rhoades
David A. Wolf


Evaluation of the Thermo Mechanical Reliability of PTH Copper in PCBs Must be a registered user to see this item

by Stefan Neumann


Reliability Prognostics of Electronics Products Must be a registered user to see this item

by Jie Gu
Michael Pecht


New Generation Solution for Micro Via Metallization and Through Hole Must be a registered user to see this item

by Ron Blake
Donald Desalvo
Maria Nikolova
Jim Watkowski


Low Dielectric Fabrics Must be a registered user to see this item

by Brian Morin


Direct Plating for Flex and Rigid-Flex Boards Must be a registered user to see this item

by Donald Gudeczauskas
Shigeo Hashimoto
Tetsuji Ishida
George Milad
Hisamitsu Yamamoto


IMC Growth Study on Ni-P/Pd/Au Film and Ni-P/Au Film Using Sn/Ag/Cu Lead-Free Solder Must be a registered user to see this item

by Donald Gudeczauskas
Shigeo Hashimoto
Masayuki Kiso
George Milad
Yukinori Oda


The First 105 Years of Flexible Circuitry Must be a registered user to see this item

by Ken Gilleo


What Is New in Vertical Acid Copper Plating

by George Milad


EIPC Summer Conference 2007 Must be a registered user to see this item

by Pete Starkey


Novel Approach for a Non-Etching Adhesion Promoter for the Next Generation of IC Substrates Must be a registered user to see this item

by Patrick Brooks
Thomas Huelsmann
Shingo Kumashiro
Koichiro Terauchi


Regeneration of Acid Copper Pulse Plating Baths Must be a registered user to see this item



by Karsten Bartz
Reiner Freund
Peter Meeh
Martin Sörensen
Jürgen Weckenmann
Werner Wiedmann


Industry Discusses the Future of Printed Electronics at Printed Electronics Europe 2007 Must be a registered user to see this item



by Pete Starkey


Global Impact of the Accelerating Cost Increase of Metals on the Assembly Electronics Industry Must be a registered user to see this item

Posted with permission from IPC—Association Connecting Electronics Industries.

by Ross Berntson
Doug Dixon
Mitch Holtzer
Bruce Moloznik
Stan Rothschild


The State of the Indian PCB Industry Must be a registered user to see this item

by Muniswamy Anilkumar


“Groovy!” Is Back—This Time As New Trace Geometry for PWBs

Yes, the word groovy may bring a smile of recognition to those of us old enough to remember this once over-used word, a substitute for okay or cool. So groovy just had to pop into mind when I noted with great interest a paper on grooved circuits authored by three companies and given by Amkor’s Ron Huemoeller at the annual Pan Pacific conference in Hawaii in late January. The title was “Unveiling the Next Generation in Substrate Technology.”


by George Gregoire


Lowering Layers With HDI for RoHS Robustness Must be a registered user to see this item


Photocircuits et al.—Was There a Better Way? Must be a registered user to see this item

by Michael Foster


Fiber Weave Effect: Practical Impact Analysis and Mitigation Strategies Must be a registered user to see this item


EIPC Winter Conference Report: Success Through Market and Technology Know-How

by Pete Starkey


Unveiling the Next Generation in Substrate Technology Must be a registered user to see this item

by Dave Baron
Lutz Brandt
Steve Chiang
Ron Huemoeller
Bernd Roelfs
Sukianto Rusli
Tsung Yuan Chen


NEPCON Tokyo Standouts

by Gene Weiner


Worldwide Polymer Developments Must be a registered user to see this item

by Pete Starkey


Observations From DesignCon 2007

The DesignCon 2007 Conference and Expo wrapped up Thursday, February 1, following four days of technical sessions and exhibits at the Santa Clara Convention Center, Santa Clara, Calif. The International Engineering Consortium (www.iec.org) organizes this event, and although it is not the group’s only DesignCon event, it is the largest, in part due to its location in the heart of “high-tech country.”

by Karl Dietz


JPCA 2006: Collaborating and Consolidating Japan’s Lead on the Industry

The theme of this year’s JPCA show, which ended last Friday at the Tokyo Big Sight exhibition center, is “Collaboration.”

by Matthew Holzmann


The Korean Shuffle: KPCAshow 2006 in Review

In a region of the world where China and Japan get most of the attention, Korea’s electronics industry has quietly produced some of the world’s largest PCB fabricators. But can they diversify beyond the mobile phone market?

by Roy Sakelson


Environmentally Speaking

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is flexing its muscle in pursuit of stronger criminal enforcement of corporate environmental violations.

by Fern Abrams


Why “Quick-Turn” Boards Cost Less

Yes, you read that right: “quick-turn” boards cost less than “standard” lead-time boards.




Process Capability Factors in Micro-hole Drilling of BGA Board Materials

This the full version of this article, and was originally presented at the EIPC Winter Conference, Budapest, 26-27 January 2006.


CPCA Show 2006 Staves Off Competitors

Prior to CPCA Show 2006 in Shanghai, many industry observers wondered whether or not the show would succeed. With low-cost competition from a Suzhou exhibition in April, a Messe München-run electronics show running simultaneously in Pudong, exhibitors grumbling about high costs, and several notable exhibitors choosing not to participate, there was cause to speculate.


KPCAshow 2006: A Preview

The Korean Printed Circuit Association (KPCA) is hosting its fourth annual KPCAshow this year on April 25-27, 2006 at COEX in Seoul, Korea.


EPA to Propose Cost Saving Rule on PCB Sludge Disposal

Electroplating sludge disposal is, more often than not, the number one environmental cost for PCB manufacturers and other manufacturing industries that conduct electroplating. The U.S. EPA has publicly committed to proposing a rule that could greatly lower the cost of sludge disposal by exempting it from Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Hazardous Waste Regulations.

by Fern Abrams


The Cost of Compliance: A Case Study

Being first to produce environmentally-friendly electronics products that meet challenging standards for European RoHS compliance is the mission of Portland, Oregon’s Electronic Controls Design, Inc. (ECD), Sunstone Circuits and MEC Northwest. The trio -- a circuit board manufacturer, an instrumentation tools manufacturer and a contract assembly manufacturer -– are working feverishly to beat the competition before the July ’06 European compliance date.




Pioneer Circuits: For the Defense

This southern-California PCB fabricator has made its living by building boards for some of the most sophisticated space and military applications on the planet.




Printed Circuit Board Asset & Wealth Recovery

Presently, most companies that remove and refurbish chips do their work by hand. The DePop is an efficient process of depopulating a printed wire board for chip removal and precious metal recovery.




Use your Head, Don't Lose It: The Dos & Don't s for PCB Manufacturing




EIPC Technology Trip to China Enables Partnerships

Based on members’ input, EIPC organized a technology excursion. Nineteen participants traveled to Shanghai in March to visit the China Printed Circuit Association (CPCA) show. In addition, the group visited eight PCB fabricators in the area of Shanghai and Suzhou.




InterNepcon Japan: In Many, One

Exhibitors from six industry segments gathered under one roof this year to display their wares at one of Japan’s premiere electronics shows. Lead-free and flexible circuit technology are still the hot topics—but will the fabricators live up to the hype?




Is Your WASTE Too Big?

The new Dr. Matkin’s approach to trimming the fat out of your Sales Department




Future Visions for Horizontal Automated Inline PCB Production

Production plants need to adapt their whole environment, equipment including automation, to a higher level and build a completely integrated Clean Room production system.




Despite Low Turnout, Sacramento Day Forges Ahead

Sacramento, CA—On February 1-2, a handful of PCB industry stalwarts took time to participate in the IPC/CCA’s third-annual Sacramento Day 2005.




‘Is This Industry Really Necessary?’

The National Academies organized one of its investigative programs to separate fact from fiction before a committee of unbiased experts regarding the state of the U.S. printed circuit board industry. An insider’s look at what was discussed, and the action that must be taken to defend America’s electronics industry.




Value Selling—Lou DeRose

This improving business environment is providing a real opportunity for fabricators to think positively and act proactively to improve their fortunes.

by Louis De Rose


‘Debate in the Desert’: TMRC Speakers Optimistic About Economy’s Future

Dubbed, “Global Economic, Political and Technology Forces: Future Implications for the Electronics Industry,” IPC’s TMRC conference boasted approximately 130 attendees anxious to learn if the U.S. PCB industry’s modest growth will continue.

by Roy Sakelson


Value Selling -- Lou DeRose

In my last column I quoted the Austrian philosopher, Ludwig Wittgenstein, who said: “He who controls vocabulary, controls thought”. I believe that implicit in this pearl of wisdom is a further gem. That is: “He who controls thought, controls action.”

by Louis De Rose


EPC Show 2004: A Matter of Perspective

The EPC Show 2004, which concluded after three days at the Köln Messe, proved to be a time for regrouping for most involved. While a quality conference program was complemented by relatively small exhibition and a renewal of old relationships, how good the show was depended on whom you asked.




Value Selling—Lou DeRose

The philosopher Wittgenstein said, “He who controls vocabulary, controls thought.” Perceptions are thoughts, and you influence your customer’s thoughts through the words and phrases you use. If you believe that low price and value are not the same thing, then you must structure the vocabulary you use to demonstrate the difference.

by Louis De Rose


Exploring New Markets Through Regional Fairs

Messe München International has learned that by breaking up its trade shows into regions allows for optimum market proximity at the global and regional levels. These regional fairs create a unique networking opportunity for companies all around the world to grow their business in a new market.




Sense or Nonsense

All batches of printed circuit boards in progress are processed in the same timescale as fast turnaround. So why are you charging premiums for some orders and not for others?




Value Selling -- Lou DeRose

The cyclical nature of the electronics industry is inevitable. But when it comes to bearing the burden of inventory in the supply chain, there are three important steps PCB manufacturers can take to reduce the consequences of this fallout.

by Louis De Rose


Exiting Gracefully—Dana Barfield

Someone must have the money to purchase your business. Since you probably have no idea far in advance if an outsider, a family member or an employee will be the best option to take over your company, and since having options open to you when you do exit will enhance your negotiating position, you want to keep all options open for as long as you can. If there is even the slightest possibility that you’ll want family to take over or employees to purchase, this is a critical issue, because, generally the lack of capital prevents family and employees from taking over the business without you making a “gift” to them.


Value Selling—Lou DeRose

After the devastating experience of the past few years, where price was the principal buying concern, it will be difficult to adapt to a different mind-set. In our economic system, cycles are a built-in phenomenon. We’re coming out of the down-leg of one cycle, and entering a new one. Recognize that fact and manage your resources to grow in the coming up-leg of the new cycle.


Exiting Gracefully

With so many decisions to be made when running your business why should you start planning for retirement now? The answers may surprise you.

by Dana Barfield


Exiting Gracefully -- Dana Barfield

How to prevent life and health concerns from wrecking the business you’re building.

by Dana Barfield


Value Selling -- Lou DeRose

The simplistic notion that “a rising tide will lift all boats” demonstrates the myopic attitudes too common among PWB fabricators.

by Louis De Rose


Value Selling -- Lou DeRose

The time is now for PWB manufacturers to forge stronger technology and distribution partnerships.

by Louis De Rose


Exiting Gracefully

Four things you should know to protect your business against lawsuits and creditors.

by Dana Barfield


Exiting Gracefully -- Dana Barfield

Just like owning a business, making good investments is about careful analysis and the discipline to stick with the program. Let’s talk about how you as a business owner can make wise investments outside your business.

by Dana Barfield


Value Selling -- Lou DeRose

In presumably selling value, do they demonstrate how customer costs are affected by supplier information technology – how timely, complete, and reliable the exchange of information is between buyer and seller?

by Louis De Rose


Exiting Gracefully -- Dana Barfield

Why outside investments are so important: because the ability for the exiting owner to generate income from other investments relieves much of the pressure and expands the options for the family to keep the business and be successful.

by Dana Barfield


The‘Three Rs’ of PWB Manufacturing

As PWB designs continue to keep pace with the electronics market demand for smaller, faster, more complex and higher reliability products, our “Three Rs” have become a prerequisite to cost- and quality-effective PWB manufacturing—Resolution, Registration, Reduced Costs.




Value Selling -- Lou DeRose

I don’t believe PCB companies adequately understand the evolving industry structure and its impact on their survival, let alone prospects for growth.

by Louis De Rose


DesignCon 2004

A review of the exhibition and technical conference.

by Karl Dietz


Value Selling -- Lou De Rose

For those of you who may not have noticed, my “Value Selling” column has been missing from the CircuiTree site for several months.

by Louis De Rose


Exiting Gracefully -- Dana Barfield

How can you exit your company if your assets aren’t sufficient to produce the income you need after you exit?

by Dana Barfield


Trimming Embedded Resistors: Third Party Processing

This paper will further investigate the cost of ownership, focusing on the details involved with the process of trimming embedded resistors in a production environment at a “Third Party Processor.”




Exiting Gracefully -- Dana Barfield

Financial advisers tend to focus a lot of attention on taxes, but two other issues will affect ownership transfer: the timing of the transaction and the tender (money) that changes hands. Taken individually, each has a meaningful impact on how successfully the owner exits. Since each comes into the play at exactly the same time, taken together the results can be any where from devastating to outstanding.




On The ISOapbox

If a simple change like masking tape can hurt board production, what kind of changes can you expect from a comprehensive, top-to-bottom restructuring of your business organization based on standards written in Europe by people you will never meet?




Exiting Gracefully -- Dana Barfield

Where Was I When the Prize Was Awarded?

by Dana Barfield


Design and Performance of Ultra-thin Substrates for use as Embedded Capacitors

In this paper, considerations of copper foil and dielectric resin properties (which make up the capacitor material) are discussed. Also, fabrication of the thin film capacitor material incorporating into PWBs and performance of electrical performance using the materials are described.




Development of the PCB industry in Europe

In addition to losing world marketshare, Europe's PCB industry also seems to be falling behind Asia in terms of its technological capabilities.




Exiting Gracefully -- Dana Barfield

Every business owner exits his or her business. There are no exceptions, seldom any second chances and many hurdles to exit successfully. Conditions such as illness, death, bankruptcy or divorce may dictate a sale. While most owners have some idea of how they prefer to exit, few business owners have a plan that keeps their exit options open and provides the needed arrangements for a successful exit.

by Dana Barfield


Is It Too Late to Save America's Manufacturing Industries?

During our round-trip drive to Austin, Texas, my wife and I were reminded of the Lou Dobbs Moneyline program, entitled "Exporting America."
--Jerry Murray



Exiting Gracefully

NEW Column
In today's volatile business environment, every business owner needs to ask, "Is it time to update my exit plan?" If you're a business owner and you're asking "What's an exit plan and why do I need one?" keep reading.





Forecasting --FAQ (frequently asked questions)

Clive Jones offers answers to your questions about forecasting.




An Alternate Oxide

A new oxide chemistry has been developed which solves many of the annoying properties of the currently available alternate oxides. The process is simple to operate, even simpler to maintain, requires less chemistry, manages to be easier on the innerlayers, is highly conducive to waste treatment, and is significantly lower in cost.




The UK's PCB Industry Can Survive and Prosper in 2003

After lengthy discussions with leading professionals from UK based PCB companies, I have come to the conclusion that the UK PCB industry can survive and prosper, but it will only be achieved at a cost. Companies must be prepared to take a long, hard, strategic look at how they conduct their business in particular, and how they manage their cost structures.




News from Northbrook -- Denny McGuirk

Our industry never ceases to surprise and sometimes amaze me.


The Circuit Centennial

It's the printed circuit's 100th birthday! Interestingly, the PCB was not invented by a single person, but by many who contributed to the total concept. Read on to discover the evolution of the modern printed circuit board.




From the Capitol -- Guest column

We must help California's leaders make that critical connection between policy decisions and the real world, between choices and consequences.




Industry 'Town Meeting' Offers Lively, Candid Discussion

by Roy Sakelson


Trimming and Printing of Embedded Resistors Using Demand-Mode Ink-Jet Technology and Conductive Polymer

As automation, miniaturization, and overall system costs become critical in manufacturing of embedded passives, ink-jet printing methods are becoming increasingly attractive material micro-dispensing alternatives. Ink-jet being an additive and data driven process can be easily set up and modified for different embedded resistor form factors.




Impact of the Dielectric Coefficient on the Performance of Buried Capacitance Materials

A discussion of the impact on board performance caused by replacing an existing buried capacitance layer with another using a different dielectric material.




Controlling Registration in HDI PCBs, Competitively

Identifying and correcting the specific causes of registration error in high-density PCBs.




10 Keys to an Effective Bonus Plan in a PWB Shop

With an effective bonus plan, it will be your employees demanding constant improvement in performance throughout the organization.




The Fabfile Report

Fabfile census data is derived from periodically surveying individual facilities large and small. Following is summary data compiled from the third quarter of 2002, updating 249 companies.




Taking the Steps to Plate Backpanels

This article explores the inherent challenges PCB manufacturers face when attempting to integrate backpanels into an existing production line.




Combination Grid-Prober Test

This article is an attempt to explain CGP in a practical sense. Since CGP can be a "push button" function in test data processing, a deeper understanding will maximize its potential for most users.




Sense or Nonsense? -- Harold Marshall

Staying Vibrant and Attractive

by Harold Marshall


Semicon West 2002: Déjà vu

Despite a slumping semiconductor industry, it helps to remember that economic cycles are a part of business.




Kay Rations -- Richard Kessler

The author's Aunt Rose illustrates what the North American PCB industry needs right now: perseverance and staying power.

by Richard Kessler


Sense or Nonsense? -- Harold Marshall

With board buyers demanding lower prices each year, even Asia can't meet the expectations of purchasing agents for much longer.


Use of Ultrasonic Agitation for Copper Electroplating: Application to High Aspect Ratio Blind Via Interconnections

This article focuses on a new process utilizing UA of the plating bath to improve copper deposition throwing power inside BVHs having diameters less than 6 mils and AR > 1. To attain maximum reliability, throwing power inside such features must be close to 100%.



Sense or Nonsense? -- Harold Marshall

Finally, Some Good News

by Harold Marshall


Controlled Surface Etching Process for Fine Line/Space Circuits

Semiconductor chip design is moving towards increasingly finer lines to meet the demands of more functions and higher speed. This trend has placed increasing demand on high density PWBs and substrates for plastic packages to develop many new materials and processes.




Environmentally Speaking -- Martin Goosey

It will no longer be possible to consign end-of-life electronics to landfill; an increasing amount of recycling must be undertaken.

by Martin Goosey


News from Northbrook -- Denny McGuirk

If standards play such an important role in the worldwide marketplace, why do some companies see them as nothing more than an extracurricular activity?


News from Northbrook

The North American EMS Industry--A Snapshot of the Market
By John Hassman



News from Northbrook -- Denny McGuirk

Tariffs, whether it's for steel or PCBs, only mask the challenges to our manufacturing competitiveness---technology adaptation, a level global playing field and responsible environmental legislation, to name a few.


The Future of the Yen

How will the decline of Japan's currency affect global PCB players? Find out in this Web exclusive!




Harper's Electronic Assembly Fabrication Worth the Read

by Karl Dietz


Capitol Hill Day Takes A Break

Why travel to Washington D.C. to influence a member of Congress when a tour of your facility is even more effective?




Designing in Three Dimensions

Duncan Hooper, senior technical officer at Zuken, looks at the move to integrating mechanical and electronic design in 3D and where it can take the industry.




Honeywell Focuses On Technology, Cycle Time and Asian Alliances

To gauge the relative health of the printed circuits industry, who better to ask than Brad Morton, president of Honeywell Advanced Circuits Division.

by Roy Sakelson


Automated System for Controlled Impedance Testing

This article attempts to clarify the issues surrounding production level controlled impedance testing and provide information contrasting several different methodologies.




Solventless Prepreg Manufacturing Process

A discussion of a technology for a production coating system that enables a copper clad laminate manufacturer to take advantage of a new solventless prepreg manufacturing process.




Microvia Formation: Technology and Cost Comparison

Various technologies are available for microvia formation, such as mechanical and laser processes. Depending on the product spectrum, each technology has specific advantages and disadvantages. This article discusses the cost aspect of both technologies.




Productroncia 2001: A Look at German Suppliers

CircuiTree's technical editor shares his thoughts on what German suppliers offered in Munich.

by Karl Dietz


No Noise is Good News!

While Densitron is beginning to make some noise in the flat screen PC market, signal noise is no longer an issue for its board design team. Investing in Zuken's design tools to improve signal integrity analysis and facilitate teamworking has proven to be a good choice -- both for design and time-to-market.




Demand Chain Management

Is better demand chain management and predictive intelligence the insurance policy that minimizes the risk of missing performance targets?




The Morphology of the Metal-Polymer Interface and its Implication to High Frequency Signal Transmission

As signal frequencies steadily increase, the requirements for transmission lines in electronic systems will change in the future, bringing one facet of PWB manufacture into focus: generating adhesion between metal and dielectric.




Market(ing) Matters: TMRC Meetings Tackle Tough Issues

The industry meets in Orlando to discuss when our end markets--and our marketing efforts--will improve.

by Steve Gold


The Theory behind Pulse Plating Reversal Current

Separating fact from fiction regarding Pulse Plating Reversal (PPR) current technology.




Let's Hear It for the Little Guy--Chapter Two




E-procurement to Bring New Opportunities to the PCB Industry

As PCB manufacturers look for new ways to increase profits while maintaining competitive pricing, many are looking to areas on the supply side where they can cut costs without sacrificing product quality.




Laser Direct Imaging: A User's Perspective

LDI has come of age, but how will it assist us to produce the boards of tomorrow while reducing the cost of the boards of today?




China's PCB Market: A Review of 2000 and an Assessment of China's Current Capabilities

When it comes to producing printed circuits, China is now ranked fourth in the world. But Chinese fabricators have their sights set on loftier goals.




A Comparative Performance Test of Dry Film Photoresists on Stainless Steel

An objective performance assessment of various photoresists in a given PCB production environment.




Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (IISEF) Grand Prize Fits Like a Glove

17-year-old Colorado Junior Nabs 3 Big Awards at San Jose Fair with Circuit Board Translator




Expo 2001 Photos

A sampling of Expo photos . . .


News from Expo 2001

What's New at Expo


Finally---A Safe Replacement for DTC

The favorable toxicity of Thio-Red chemistries and the very small sludge generation of the reacted metal ion exchange should be considered as a replacement for DTC as well as inorganic chemistries.




Comment Period Extended 60 Days For Proposed Metal Products Regulation




Studies of Additives in Acid Sulfate Copper Pulse ReversalCurrent Electrodeposition

With the application of polarization curves and AC impedance, this article studies the influence of two specific additives (S3 and S4) and Cl- ion on copper electrodes' cathode polarization and anode behavior.




Cemco: The Rise of a Printed Circuit Supplier

A look inside Cemco reveals it isn't done innovating and expanding its range of products and services.

by Ronald D. Schaeffer


Mexitronica 2000: A Study in Growth




Starkey's Spin

Web-only column.....




The Correlation of Assembly Data With Capability Studies
for the Hot Air Solder Level Process: Phase III Test Results


No solderability issues were attributable to the HAL finish when processed through reflow.




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